X.25 Packet Switching Networks

A comprehensive description of X.25 networking
and associated technologies

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Course Benefits
X.25 is one of the most stable and mature IT Wide Area Nework technologies. Offering potential savings over long diastance dial up modem, or ISDN connections, yet offering the same addressable flexibility, X.25 is one of the most widely proliferated connection oriented global WAN systems.

X.25 is widely used in sectors such as the tavel and finance industries, and finds widespread use in both public data networks and corporate networks.

This course provides an essential coverage of X.25 networking technology markets, systems, and operation. It also covers X.25 network troubleshooting techniques, and provides an objective discussion of the applications that are typically served by X.25, and its future uses.

Who should attend?
This course is essential for all staff who will install, configure, administrate, support, sell, or market X.25 networking products services, or solutions.

Pre-requisites
Delegates must have a good understanding of data communications principles, prior to attending. Course 301: Introduction To Data Communications and Networking, is recommended.

Course 3381: Content

Introduction
Development of the OSI concept and the OSI 7 Layer Model
Structure of the 7 Layer model
Positioning X.25 within the model

X.25 Layer 1 scope and operation
X.21, X.21 bis V.24, X.21 bis V.35, RS232, RS 449

X.25 Layer 2 scope, features and facilities and operation
Requirements of a link level protocol
LAPB frame format
Link initialisation and shut down procedures
Errored frame detection
Errored frame recovery
Link assurance facilities
Link level timers

X.25 Layer 3 scope, features, facilities and operation
Function of layer 3 protocols
Packet Assembly/Disassembly
Packet encapsulation
The packet header
Logical channels and virtual circuits
Network user addresses
Call set up and clear packet types
Cause and diagnostic codes
Data and supervisory packets
Delivery confirmation
The D BIT
Layer 3 flow control
Extended mode numbering

Advanced Layer 3 facilities
Call facilities: reverse charging, fast select types, throughput class, packet and window size negotiation, closed user groups, source rotatry hunting and call diversion
Packet segmentation
The M BIT
Level 3 timers

Associated PAD protocols
X.3, X.28, and X.29 operation

Packet Switched Network Management
OSI network management model
X.25 key indicators
X.25 troubleshooting techniques and protocol analysers

X.25 Network sizing and design
Assessing user throughput requirements
Switch and trunk sizing
Building in resilience
Diverse routing
Internetworking with other X.25 networks
Requirements of gateway switches
Providing address translation with the user data field
Internetworking with non X.25 networks: TCP/IP, Ethernet, ISDN, Frame Relay, and ATM

X.25 Case Study

X.25 The future
The future of X.25 as a global technology, and how it compares with systems such as Frame Relay, ISDN, ATM and the Internet.



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